Outstanding Achievements in Modern Science and Technology of China

Even with insufficient funds, China still made some outstanding achievements in its basic science studies. China has established high energy physics research base,  built the Electron-Positron Collider, installed the super energy latex lab on the Ganbala Mountain with an altitude of 5,500 meters, and discovered the negative sigma hyperon, and so on.

In the field of nuclear physics, China established the 1.5-meter heavy particle accelerator, carried out the low-energy heavy ion nuclear physics studies, and synthesized californium successfully for the first time. What's more, China developed various scientific research equipment and facilities, such as 1.5-mega electron volts linear induction accelerator, synchrotron radiation device, isotope separator, controlled nuclear fusion device, scanning tunneling microscope and son on, and astronomical equipment like big caliber reflex telescope, sun magnetic field telescope, 13.7 mm radio telescope, hydrogen atomic clock and so on.

Some important achievements were also made in the basic research areas., For instance, China has made achievements in the following areas: standard finite element method, the mechanical testifying of mathematic theorems, stability of differential dynamical systems, the synthesis of bovine insulin, study of the relation between insulin's  3-D structure and its functions, modification of protein functional gene, study of atmospheric circumfluence in East Asia, as well as searching for the headstream of the Yellow River and exploration of the Brahmaputra and researches in North and South Poles, and so on.

Possession of high technology is an important indication of technological advancement. Chinese scientists and engineers have mastered the technologies of atomic bomb, hydrogen bomb, nuclear power generation and radiation. Now China can launch long-range carrier rockets, satellites for different purposes and even master the technology of launching the spaceship. China has developed high-performance parallel computers like Dawning-1 and Dawning-1000, and developed the Chinese character data processing system, intelligent Chinese character interface and high-density information storing equipment. China also made substantial progress in the quanta calculation and quanta communications.

As far as the laser technology is concerned, China has developed the high power laser devices like Shenguang, free electron laser device, 1.35-micron semiconductor laser device and so on. What's more, China has possessed the power of communication technology through high-speed optic fiber. The twoion beam epitaxy machine, 3-micron integrated circuit technique, nuclear industrial robot, six-dimensional robot, wall-climbing robot and deep-water robot that can work 6,000 meters under the water show that China has made great achievements in creation of precision instruments.

In terms of biological technology, the nitrogen fixation of corn and soybean, genetically engineered vaccines, tube baby and tube sheep, cloning of some animals are just a few examples of China's outstanding achievements. In the material technology, the country has made satisfactory achievements in high-performance solid propellant, high temperature superconductor, nonlinear crystal and laser crystal, etc.

In the field of technological sciences, China has achieved a variety of influential theoretical achievements, such as the cold pressure equation, the dynamic gear error theory and the optimized control of nonlinear systems.

In term of engineering, the most obvious progress was with the capacity of manufacturing large-scale equipment. China manufactured 125,000 kw inner water-cooled turbo electric generating network, 175,000 kw low waterhead electrici generating set, carbamide production facility with an annual output capacity of 240,000 tons, ammonia synthesis equipment with  output capacity of 300,000 tons.

The construction of the Wuhan and Nanjing Yangtze Bridges, the Gezhou Dam water conservancy project on the Yangtze River and  Xiaolangdi water conservancy project on the Yellow River, and the ongoing Three Gorges Project indicate the development of China's capacity of bridge and dam building. While construction of huge ships and planes, highways and train speedup show the world China's progress in transportation.

The successful development of Daqing oilfield proves China's determination to depend on its own technologies. The success of synthetic rubber indicates China's capacity of absorbing foreign experience and innovation in its own technologies.

The proportion of the science and technology in the agricultural development has risen to 35%. China also undertook great reforms on popularization of goo-quality seeds and cultivation system. The indica hybrid rice, Shandong Cotton I, Tiefeng I and Dongnong 36 soybean and wheat have played an important role in boosting yield. In the past 51 years, crop seeds saw four to five upgrade, with the yield increase of 20% to 30%. The coverage rate of good-quality seeds has reached 80%, the survival rate of forestation increased by 20%.

Micro chirurgery and early diagnosis of cancer shows the substantial improvement in the medical and health area. China has made big achievements in antibody project and genetically engineered polypeptide medicines. Besides, genetically engineered hepatitis B vaccine has taken the place of human plasma-derived vaccines (PDV).