China has a long history and a lot of traditions. Compared with other countries in the world, it is a typical agricultural country, with a long history of agricultural civilization. And all this, to a great degree, is based on the advanced astronomy and calendar.
The birth of Chinese calendar can be seen as a set of astronomical rules the ancient Chinese summed up for the sake of farming. It took shape after a long time of evolvement. The calendar has two main characteristics:
Firstly, it is closely related with traditional Chinese culture, especially the principles included in the Yi Jing. Secondly, it employs a unique computing method -- the Tian Gan (heavenly stems) and Di Zhi (earthly branches) method.